Victoria Bezilla, Alison Cox, Stephanie Defeo, Alyssa Dill
Hazaras:
"A Persian-speaking ethnic group who live mainly in the central Afghanistan and Quetta, Pakistan"
Speak Farsi
Shi'a Muslims
Live in Central Afghanistan due to Pashtun expansion
Farmers and herders
Lower economic status
It is believed that Hazaras are descendents of Ghengis Khan and the Mongolians
Amir Abdur Rahman, who ruled Afghanistan 1880-1901, forced Shia Hazaras into centralized control. The Shia Hazaras resisted and launched uprisings against Rahman's army, causing Rahman to order Sunni Hazaras to fight against the Shia Hazaras.
Rahman also allowed Pashtuns to use Hazara land for animal pastures, causing many Hazaras to emigrate to Iran, Pakistan, Russia, etc.
Been more involved in government since 1979 after Soviets left Afghanistan
“A member of the predominant ethnic group of Afghanistan and parts of western Pakistan”
Sunni Muslims
Concentrated in the east and southern parts of Afghanistan, some also in Kabul
Reside in the northwestern province in Pakistan
Organized in tribes
Make their living off of animal husbandry (the breeding and caring for farm animals), agriculture, and some trade
Speak Pashtu while others speak Dari
Dari symbols
Largest ethnic group in Afghanistan (and Muslim tribal group)
Culture is traditional and tribal (some are Taliban)
Society is honor and shame based
Low living standards, nomads
Located: Southeastern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan
Total of 42 Million
Religious Roots:
1. Hazaras:
Mostly all Hazara's are Muslim and some belong to certain sections of Islam
Abdul Ali Mazari (1946-1995), is praised and respected the most by the Hazaras; nick-named "Baba Mazari"
2. Pashtuns:
Mostly all follow the religion Sunni Islam
Historians think the Pashtuns are decendents of Qais Abdur Rashid
Pashtuns were rumored to have many different types of religions before Qais Abdur Rashid
Live on Tribal lands, named Federally administered Tribal Areas, for the Pashtuns to practice religion
The Shia/Sunni Split
Prophet Muhammad died in 632 A.D., and Islamic peoples could not decide who his successor would be
Shias thought the successor should be Ali, the wife of the Prophet Muhammad's daughter
Sunnis thought the successor should be picked by the "elite of the community" who was "best able to lead"
Sunnis eventually picked the successor
Ali was picked as the fourth successor, and ruled after the first successors were killed
Ali's succession caused war to break out
Ali killed in 661
Ali's son, Hussein, ruled after Ali's death
Hussein fought in the war against caliphs, and was killed (along with 72 of his family members)
The Prophet Muhammad
Tensions:
Hazaras have been forced from their lands to be slaughtered for bouts of ethnic/religious "cleansing".
In late 2001, the Hazara seemed to have an advantage with political freedoms ever since the fall of the extremist Sunni Taliban rule (how government and religion are inseparable) even though they were 20% minority.
Helps to determine future governmental organizations
Mohammed Mohaqiq in charge of Hezb-e Wahdat militia
Four Hazara representatives under Chairman Hamid Karzai’s interim government: two of which were Mohammed Mohaqiq (Hezb-e Wahdet militia), who was a vice chair in charge of planning, and Sima Samar (physician), who was in charge of womens’ affairs.
Mohammed Mohaqiq currently serves in the People’s Islamic Unity Party, and ran for president in 2004. He got 11.7% of the votes, coming in third place.
Sima Samar, in charge of Womens' Affairs in Afghanistan from 2001-2003
Mohammed Mohaqiq
Important Points:
1. The conflicts between Sunni and Shia have occurred since the 600s. 2. Hazaras practice Shia Islam, Pashtuns practice Sunni Islam 3. The differences between Hazaras and Pashtuns are more the root of their religion than the actual religious beliefs.
Class Separation
Victoria Bezilla, Alison Cox, Stephanie Defeo, Alyssa DillHazaras:
"A Persian-speaking ethnic group who live mainly in the central Afghanistan and Quetta, Pakistan"Video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ob5b2b2rvRIPashtuns:
“A member of the predominant ethnic group of Afghanistan and parts of western Pakistan”Religious Roots:
1. Hazaras:2. Pashtuns:
The Shia/Sunni Split
Tensions:
Mazar-e-Sharif Massacre:
Powerful Hazaras:
Important Points:
1. The conflicts between Sunni and Shia have occurred since the 600s.2. Hazaras practice Shia Islam, Pashtuns practice Sunni Islam
3. The differences between Hazaras and Pashtuns are more the root of their religion than the actual religious beliefs.
Sources:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/25/AR2009072502169.htmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/subdivisions/sunnishia_1.shtml
http://middleeast.about.com/b/2009/05/27/forgotten-massacre-the-hazara-of-afghanistan.htm
http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2012/01/16/hazara_afghanistan_pakistan/
http://fensti.freehostia.com/Engl180/KiteRunner/Tribes.html
http://www.rawa.org/times.htm
http://www.about-afghanistan.com/pashtun-people.html
http://www.afghan-network.net/Ethnic-Groups/pashtuns.html
http://www.afghan-network.net/Ethnic-Groups/hazaras.html
http://www.hazara.net/hazara/geography/ethnic2.html
http://www.hazara.net/hazara/haz-summary.html#The Hazara Religion
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=7332087
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashtun_people#Religion
http://info.publicintelligence.net/MCIA-AfghanCultures/Hazara.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Mohaqiq